Biblical Theology of Mission: Review on "The Mission of God's People"



God has a blue print for all mankind with a purpose, a goal, and an execution plan right from the beginning. God is busy executing His plan and reaching out to His people since man's fall. His love impulses Him to take initiatives. God paid a dear price in order to save mankind from eternal condemnation and brought His people back to the ultimate harmonious relationship with Him through Jesus' redemptive work on the cross. God is on a mission with His people to achieve His divine goal. Wright states that "Mission arises from the heart of God himself, and is communicated from his heart to ours. Mission is the global outreach of the global people of a global God."[1] Based on this understanding, God's mission involves a group of people (God's people) sent by an initiator (God himself), a message (the Gospel), and a targeted audience (the whole world). The following sections will examine these elements in detail.

Who are God's People?

When we examine the legacy of God's mission, we find Noah to be the first missionary who accepted God's command by faith and responded to God's calling to save his family of eight and one pair of animals from all species. Abraham is another example of answering God's calling by faith; he  stepped out of his comfort zone into an unknown mission field in Canaan. Three generations later, God preserved His chosen people in Egypt for 400 years until Moses was called to lead the Exodus from Egypt. Now there are more than two million Israelis who identify themselves as God's people and are following God's plan to return to the promised land. In the New Testament, we see Jews and Gentiles alike answering and following God's calling, participating in His plan, and spreading His message to all the known world. God's people, both in the OT and the NT, are those who answer God's calling and take actions to follow His plan. They share the same identity as God's people, born or adopted, who are sharing and living out God's commandments in the midst of a wicked world. As Wright puts it, "God's people are a people with a mission."[2]

God's People Know the Story We Are Part of

Knowing their identity is just the first step. God's people also know God's story right from the beginning, which started when God made a covenant with Abraham.[3] Disciples in the first century knew about God's story and witnessed the arrival of this promised “Seed”. They were right in the middle of this great event, they were excited and wanted everyone to know about the great news (the Gospel), which fueled the crazy "Jesus Movement" until now.

God's People Care for Creation

Should the mission of God's people include all God's creation? Wright argues that the scope of God's mission includes the environmental works because Jesus' redemption includes all God's creation, not just for humans. With this perspective, I agree that environmental missions are legitimate, but that they shouldn't be an end goal (e.g. saving whales). These missions  should be a means to reflect our redemptive living (caring for nature), so that through our stewardship others may be attracted to Jesus[4].

God's People be a Blessing to the Nations

Paul makes it clear that once we are baptized into Christ, "we are Abraham’s descendants, heirs according to promise."[5] God's people are a community chosen and called to be the vehicle of God's blessing[6] to the nations, and thus we are a missional church by the very nature. Throughout history, God's people have always been on the move from Abraham, Exodus, Exile, until the Great Commission. we are commissioned to spread the blessing of Abraham to the world.

God's People Walk in God's Way

Once we are called into God's people, we are expected to obediently follow God's commands faithfully. Wright puts it this way, "the moment we fail to walk in the way of the Lord, or fail to live lives of integrity, honesty, and justice, we not only spoil our personal relationship with God, we are actually hindering God in keeping his promise to Abraham. We are no longer the people of blessing to the nations."[7] If we are no longer the people carrying out God's blessing, then we lose our identity as God's people, and as a result, we lose our purpose of life. If we find ourselves feeling empty and powerless, this may be why.   

God's People are Redeemed for Redemptive Living

To walk in God's way requires a redemptive living which requires God's redemption. God uses Exodus to demonstrate His redemption work on Israelites[8]. Not only did God rescue them from Egypt, God gave them a new nation, a new land, a new life, and a new identity with God. Wright puts it squarely, "The exodus was not a movement from slavery to freedom, but from slavery to covenant. Redemption was for relationship with the redeemer, to serve His interest and His purpose in the world."[9] In the New Testament, Paul also emphasizes redemptive living as he said, "For He rescued us from the domain of darkness, and transferred us to the kingdom of His beloved Son, in whom we have redemption, the forgiveness of sins."[10] God's people assume a new identity (citizen of God's kingdom) and pursue a new redemptive life in which we are the light and the salt to the world. We are to live a life of priesthood, holiness, and obedience in the pagan world so that "they may see your good deeds and glorify God on the day he visits us."[11] Therefore, we are a redeemed people through whom God will bring His blessing and solutions to all nations.

What Are God's People Doing?

God's People Know the One Living God and Savior

Knowing God is knowing not only who God is (The one sovereign God) and what He has done for us (His redemption plan through Jesus), but also knowing what He is doing (bringing blessing to nations through His people). With this knowledge of God, we are naturally drawn to God's mission. Wright states nicely that, "the knowledge that there is no other God and no other name leaves no other choice but to make him known."[12] This knowledge of God gives God’s people the undivided loyalty to God and to His mission.

God's People Bear Witness to the Living God

In the OT, God called Israelites out from permanent slavery and tasked them to live a holy life in the midst of the corrupted world so that they could bear His witness and bring blessings to the world. Similarly, in the NT, we are called into His fellowship and become His witnesses (Acts 1:8). Peter summaries this fellowship for us - "all of you be harmonious, sympathetic, brotherly, kindhearted, and humble in spirit; not returning evil for evil or insult for insult, but giving a blessing instead; for you were called for the very purpose that you might inherit a blessing."[13] As God's witnesses, we possess the knowledge of God. We must demonstrate our trust in God and live in a holy life, even that means persecution, because we are called for this purpose (to give the blessing).

God's People Proclaim the Gospel of Christ

As God's people, once we are saved and are brought into God's community that bears a holy testimony, we bring the world the good news which is what God promised to Abraham and completed in Jesus (and thus the Gospel begins in Genesis, not in Matthew[14]). Peter encourages us to be ready to "make a defense to everyone who asks you to give an account for the hope that is in you."[15] Making a defense of what we believe and what we have experienced can be a form of apologetics or a personal testimony, either way we are proclaiming the gospel - the gospel which has the saving power for those who hear it and call upon Jesus and believe in Him[16].   

God's People Send and Are Sent

In Romans 10:13-15, Paul makes the connection of this saving gospel to sending messengers who proclaim the gospel so that it can be heard and the lost people can be saved. God has been sending His messengers (e.g. Moses) throughout the OT to deliver and to speak (prophets) along with God's Word and God's Spirit. In the NT, apostles and disciples were sent by Jesus, by the Holy Spirit, and by the supporting churches to preach the gospel throughout the world. God is a sending God, so His people is a sending people.  
So where are we sending our messengers? To the world! the world which is full of "desires of the flesh and the desires of the eyes and pride in possessions."[17] As God's people living as a holy community in this world, we are fully engaging the world but not indulging in the world. We are called to be different, to be holy, to be the light and the salt of the world. God's people are both "missional" (they are used for a purpose) and "confrontational" (they challenge the decay and the darkness, and transform both).[18] Wright warns that we need to resist turning our works into idols and to expect persecution from the world as Jesus warned in Matthew 10:22, " You will be hated by all because of My name, but it is the one who has endured to the end who will be saved."
God's salvation has an "into" aspect of it, which Wright puts nicely, "God seeks the ultimate well-being and blessing of human beings by bringing them into a relationship with himself in which they love, worship, and glorify him, and find their greatest joy in doing so."[19] Through loving, worshiping, and glorifying God from the bottom of their hearts, God’s people benefit from the ultimate manifestation of a harmonious relationship in God which describes the fulfillment of God's promise to Abraham that all nations will be blessed through him."[20]

Summary

The ultimate harmonious relationship with eternal God is the greatest news for anyone. By entering into redemptive living, God’s people find total peace and freedom from the bondage of sins. Jesus asks His disciples to "deny ourselves (deny our worldly identity and desires), take up our crosses (endure persecution or even death), and follow Him (do as He says - mission)". The mission of God's people is to bring people into God's eternal blessing, not for our worldly gains. For Christians whose minds are still on earthly gains or for those who just want to ensure a "ticket to heaven" but reject the idea of living out a holy life, God's good news can easily become a "soft gospel" or a "watered-down" gospel. Wright warned about this kind of "prosperity" gospel and he even used the term "prostituted gospel"[21] to describe any gospel that sells anything but the whole gospel. Lausanne Covenant puts it this way - "World evangelism requires the whole church to take the whole Gospel to the whole world"[22] which nicely gives us a summary of the scope and the mission of God's people.


[1] Christopher J.H. Wright, The Mission of God's People: A Biblical Theology of the Church's Mission (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan, 2010), 24.
[2] Christopher J.H. Wright, The Mission of God's People: A Biblical Theology of the Church's Mission (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan, 2010), 29.
[3] Gen. 12:1-3 states that through Israelis (God's people), God's blessing will come to the whole world through the Seed (Christ).
[4] 1 Peter 2:12.
[5] Galatians 3:27-29.
[6] Christopher J.H. Wright, The Mission of God's People: A Biblical Theology of the Church's Mission (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan, 2010), 73. God's blessing can be understood as the God's redemptive plan through Jesus Christ to save people from the slavery of sins to the freedom in God's kingdom as well as God's restoration plan to redeem all the creation back to the original harmonious state.
[7] Christopher J.H. Wright, The Mission of God's People: A Biblical Theology of the Church's Mission (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan, 2010), 95.
[8] saving them from permanent slavery (political oppression), economic exploitation (free labors), genocide (social/human right injustice), and hindrance of worshipping God (spiritual bondage) , summarized from chapter 6 of Wright's book.
[9] Christopher J.H. Wright, The Mission of God's People: A Biblical Theology of the Church's Mission (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan, 2010), 101.
[10] Colossians 1:13-14.
[11] 1 Peter 2:12
[12] Christopher J.H. Wright, The Mission of God's People: A Biblical Theology of the Church's Mission (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan, 2010), 161.
[13] 1 Peter 3:8-9 (Italic added).
[14] Christopher J.H. Wright, The Mission of God's People: A Biblical Theology of the Church's Mission (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan, 2010), 179.
[15] 1 Peter 3:15.
[16] Romans 10:13-15.
[17] 1 John 2:15-17.
[18] Christopher J.H. Wright, The Mission of God's People: A Biblical Theology of the Church's Mission (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan, 2010), 236.
[19] Ibid., 244-45.
[20] Genesis 12:1-3.
[21] Christopher J.H. Wright, The Mission of God's People: A Biblical Theology of the Church's Mission (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan, 2010), 280.
[22] Ibid., 26.

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